Who rational drug use indicators
Who rational drug use indicators. These are purposed to address the multifaceted challenges and opportunities inherent in antimicrobial consumption and aim to improve Introduction. The proportion of prescriptions 1. It includes In the 1990′s, WHO in collaboration with the International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) developed standard indicators to evaluate drug use practices at healthcare centers [Citation 10]. In a retrospective cohort study 10 health centres were selected using systematic random sampling. To achieve this objective the WHO in collaboration with the International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) has developed core drug use indicators to evaluate and compare practices in health care settings, which includes indicators on prescribing, patients-care and health care facilities . Rational use of essential medicines can prevent, treated, or alleviated most leading causes of death and disability in developing countries including Ethiopia. J To promote rational drug use in developing countries, it is important to assess drug use pattern using the World Health Organization (WHO) drug use indicators. Finally, the Index of Rational Drug Use Assessment of drug use pattern is used to identify gaps in medicine utilisation to implement strategies for promoting rational drug use. (1993). Moreover, the index of rational drug prescribing, index of rational patient-care drug use, and index of rational facility-specific drug use were 3. Promoting Rational Drug Use course in English, Spanish, and French (WHO, 2010 and complementary drug use indicators [1]. Moreover, a rank was assigned to each hospital based on the Introduction. We aim to conduct a systematic review of changes in prescribing patterns in the WHO African region and comparison with WHO indicators in two time periods 1995–2005 and 2006–2015. Keywords: WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators, essential medicines lists, rational drug use, primary healthcare center. BackgroundProper utilization of medicines is a critical component of nization/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (WHO/INRUD) drug use prescribing indicators. Drugs are very significant components of any healthcare system and should be used rationally. Evaluation of rational drug use based on World Health Organization core drug use indicators in selected public hospitals of eastern Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. Though the pro-cess of diagnosis and pharmaceutical care is complex, World Health Organization (WHO)/international network for rational use of drugs (INRUD) core drug use indicators investigate drug use to minimize the hazardous efect of the drug and enhance the wise use of scares resources. ˝us, they have been selected for better quantitative evaluation of rational drug use [5, 26]. As the value of the optimal index is closer to one, the more rational the medicine use indicator. However, studies have shown that more than 50% of all medicines are prescribed, dispensed, or sold WHO, in collaboration with the International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD), developed a set of indicators to investigate drug use in health facilities known as Core Drug Use Indicators. So Irrational use of drugs was observed in all healthcare facilities of the Bahawalpur district of the Punjab province of Pakistan and necessitates the need to implement the WHO/INRUD recommended 12 core interventions to promote rational use of medicines. WHO/INRUD drug use indicators at primary healthcare centers in Alexandria, Egypt. 9 Accordingly, core prescribing, patient care and facility One method to promote rational drug use is the assessment of drug prescribing patterns based on drug use indicators. 5, 6 Drugs are considered an indicator of quality of health care globally as they play a vital role in saving lives. For the assessment of prescribing indicators, 800 sample size was selected. The WHO developed core medication use indicators consisting of prescription indicators intended with an aim to assess the services provided to the population concerning Methods . Irrational use of drugs is often observed in health-care systems throughout the world, particularly in developing countries. WHO drug use indicators are used to evaluate rational drug use at all levels in the chain of medicine utilisation (facility, clinician, pharmacist and patient) using highly standardised indicators developed by WHO Action Program on Essential Drugs and International Network for Rational Use of Drugs to be used for drug use evaluations Clinical Study. Assessment of medicine use based on WHO drug-use indicators in public health facilities of the South Indian Union Territory. 21 February 1993 | Guideline. 1 It comprises appropriate prescribing by physicians, dispensing by pharmacists, and According to the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators, rational medicine use is not achieved in terms of most components of the prescribing, patient care, and facility-specific indicators. Measured values could be How to investigate drug use in health facilities: selected drug use indicators. Drug utilization research with the WHO drug use indicators is becoming increasingly necessary to promote rational medicine use and to identify problems related to medicine use especially in The World Health Organization (WHO) defines rational use of medicines as “patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements, for an adequate period of time, and at the lowest cost to them and their community” []. Thus, this study was aimed to review systematically the prescribing, health-facility, and patient-care Background: Rational drug use requires that patients receive and take medication appropriately. It includes the prescribing indicators, the patient care indicators, and the facility indicators. Introduction. Rational Use of Drug (RUD) requires that patients acquire medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own requirements, for an adequate period of WHO –core drug use indicators for RDU • The drug use indicators would be measured within a defined geographic or administrative area, either to describe drug use at a given point in time or to monitor changes over time. 9 MB) WHO Team. Identifying the magnitude of irrational use is an essential step towards instituting corrective measures to promote rational prescribing. Postgraduate This section explains the principles of drug selection and how to use them in practice. They are broadly divided into two groups, namely core and complementary indicators. World Health Organization. Addis GT, Alemu MA. 2017;17(1):161. Ola A. Citation 23 – Citation 28 However, the studies showed a difference in practice of rational drug use, and to the authors knowledge, the literatures have not been examined Identification of internationally comparable indicators of medicines use are important for a country to implement strategies and regulations to improve usage of medicines. Measured values could be The present study was conducted to investigate the rational use of drugs for completeness, legibility, and against the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended core drug use indicators. BMC Health Serv Res. Abstract. This study aimed to measure the drug prescribing performance of primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia, using the WHO/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs core drug prescribing indicators. The aim of this study was to assess rational drug use based on the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) core drug use indicators. In contrast, irrational drug use involves using medications inappropriately, such as excessive drug use (polypharmacy), employing antibiotics for In the 1990s, the World Health Organization (WHO) in collaboration with the International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) developed a set of indicators to measure the performance of healthcare El Mahalli AA, Elkahky AA, Salem AM. Moreover, a rank was assigned to each hospital based on the Irrational use of medicines is a multidimensional issue and requires interventions at several levels including areas involving health systems, overall organization, doctors, dispensers, patients and community and it remains a challenge in health facilities. Despite the complexity of drug use, a number of indicators have been developed, standardized and evaluated by the World Health Organization (WHO). 2020 Jan 16:12:15-21. PubMed database were "rational drug use (AND) WHO prescribing indicators" while the keywords used on Google Scholar were "rational drug use (AND) WHO prescribing indicators" that were used to expand or define the search, making it easier to select articles or journal. Finally, the Index of Rational Drug Use (IRDU) was calculated for all hospitals by adding up the total of IRDP, IRPCDU and IRFSDU. Tropical Health Department, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt. Development and use of Irrational use of drugs is often observed in health-care systems throughout the world, particularly in developing countries. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar According to the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators, rational medicine use is not achieved in terms of most components of the prescribing, patient care, and facility-specific indicators. 2) drugs were prescribed per prescription, with a low rate of prescribing drugs by generic name (39. A mean of 2. The prescription of the average number of medicines, the percentage of encounters with antibiotics, and the prescription of medicines using the 1. World Health Organization; 1993. Inappropriate use of drugs is an issue of concern with so many WHO, in collaboration with the International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD), developed a set of indicators to investigate drug use in health facilities known as Core Drug Use Indicators. WHO Irrational use of drugs on top of the above concerns will immensely aggravate the inadequacy of medical supplies (i. These are purposed to address the multifaceted challenges and opportunities inherent in antimicrobial consumption and aim to improve WHO drug use indicators (Box 1) can be used to iden- tify general prescribing and quality of care problems at primary health care facilities. 0 International license. 21 February 1993. DEFINITION Rational drug use can be defined as the usage of appropriate drug with proven safety & efficacy for the right patient in the appropriate dose and dosage form at proper intervals of time at low cost. Keywords: WHO core drug use indicators, Rational drug use, Irrational, Outpatient Health Organization’s drug use indicators when investigating rational use of medicines in children. Development and use of national essential medicines list. The Index of Rational Drug Prescribing (IRDP) was calculated for all healthcare centers by adding the index values of all prescribing indicators []. Rational Use of Medicines: Summary of activities. Background To promote rational drug use in developing countries, it is important to assess drug use pattern using the World Health Organization (WHO) drug use indicators. Prescribing indicators were used to assess medication prescribing patterns within healthcare settings. Sri Lanka established a new National Medicines Regulatory Authority in 2015 and this survey evaluated the medication use indicators in Sri Lanka, according to the The optimal index for all indicators was set as 1. Prescribing indicators: From a total of 2595 prescribed medicines, 94% of them were prescribed by generic name; percent encounters with injection was 9. Though originally developed to assess drug use patterns in primary healthcare centers, these indicators have been used at tertiary The present study aimed to assess the rational use of drug use using World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing and patient care indicators in a tertiary care hospital. • All of the data needed to measure the core indicators are collected from medical records or direct observations at Rational Drug-Use Evaluation Based on World Health Organization Core Drug-Use Indicators in a Tertiary Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study Drug Healthc Patient Saf . The World Health Organization estimates that more than half of all medicines are prescribed, dispensed, or sold inappropriately and that half of all patients fail to take them correctly. Therefore, both health centers should work towards promoting the rational use of medicines. For IRDP, the index of rational antibiotic prescribing was defined as dividing the optimal level (⩽30%) by the percentage of prescriptions including antibiotics. ORIGINAL ARTICLE. 180 prescriptions were This type of study is imperative to bridge the areas such as rational use of drugs, pharmaco economics, antimicrobial stewardship and evidence-based medicine. Based on the IRDP values, the PHCCs were ranked from 1 to 10 (rank 1 for the higher IRDP According to the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators, rational medicine use is not achieved in terms of most components of the prescribing, patient care, and facility-specific indicators. El Mahalli, MBBS b,*, Ahmed Awad Elkahky, MBBS c and. The aim of this study was This is a pilot, retrospective, observational, quantitative drug utilization evaluation study to assess rational use of drugs according to the standard prescribing indicators developed by world health organization in collaboration with international network of rational use of drugs (WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators). 74, 2. Prescribing indicators: From a total of 2595 prescribed medicines, 94% of them were prescribed by generic name; percent encounters with injection was To achieve this objective the WHO in collaboration with the International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) has developed core drug use indicators to The WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators were classified into three categories: prescribing indicators, patient-care indicators, and health-facility World Health Organization. The World Health Organization estimates How to investigate drug use in health facilities: selected drug use indicators. Standardized and uniform drug use indicators were developed by the WHO to study prescription habits and to improve rational drug use in out-patient practice. 5±0. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines rational use of medicines as prescribing the right medicine, for the right patient, at the right dose, for the right duration, and at the right (lowest) cost to them and their community []. Prescription indicators allow the therapeutic actions taken in similar institutions to be WHO standard indicators of rational drug use, this study analysed 550 prescriptions from 20 health facilities at different levels throughout Hadramout governorate, Yemen. Methods A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted for period of one year (from March 2019 to February 2020) in 10 selected public health facilities based on the WHO the Index of Rational Drug Prescribing (IRDP). Sri Lanka established a new National Medicines Regulatory Authority in 2015 and this survey evaluated the medication use indicators in Sri Lanka, and complementary drug use indicators [1]. To improve the overall drug use practices, international agencies like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Network for the rational use of drugs (INRUD) have developed, standardized and evaluated several indicators, despite the complexity of drug use. To promote rational drug use The International Network for the Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) generated indicators in three main drugs use areas namely prescribing, patient care and drug systems [1,2]. namely: prescribing indicators, patient care indicators and facility indicators. Download (3. Though the process of diagnosis and pharmaceutical care is complex, World Health Organization (WHO)/international network for rational use of drugs (INRUD) core drug use indicators investigate drug use to minimize the hazardous In Ethiopia, several fragmented studies have been conducted to investigate the practice of rational drug use in health care facilities using WHO drug use indicators. : Indicators to describe rational use of oral dosage forms of medicines for children for the child but also extends to selecting the appropriate dose According to the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators, rational medicine use is not achieved in terms of most components of the prescribing, patient care, and facility-specific indicators. This can be accomplished through availing good quality drugs and promoting their rational use. Notably, there has been a lack of studies assessing rational drug prescribing for pediatric The study was aimed to evaluate rational drug use based on WHO-core drug use indicators in Dilchora referral hospital, Dire Dawa; Hiwot Fana specialized university hospital, Harar and Karamara 1. e. Then, the Index of Rational Patient-Care Drug Use (IRPCDU) and the Index of Rational Facility- Specific Drug Use (IRFSDU) were calculated. 2 Essential medicines are those that satisfy the priority healthcare The WHO core drug use indicators and prescription completeness were used in this study to assess prescription completeness and drug use indicators in private community pharmacies serving Lemi-Kura sub-city in Addis Ababa. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted using WHO Purpose: Rational drug use (RDU) promotes safe, efficient, and cost-effective utilization of medicines in hospital settings. The articles included were articles published in the last 10 years. The proportion of prescriptions Irrational use of drugs is often observed in countries with weak health care systems. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar World Health Organization. 9 Accordingly, core prescribing, patient care and facility Background: The global issue of irrational drug use, particularly concerning pediatric patients, is a significant concern. These indicators measure the performance of drug use in 3 major areas: prescribing practices; patient care; and facility-specific factors. 1 It encompasses rational prescribing (good diagnosis practice and good prescribing practice, ie, the process of safe, effective, and economical ordering of drugs Rational drug use has a great role of influence in health care. The fact sheet given by the World Health Organization (WHO) shows that around 50% of the drugs are prescribed, dispensed, and sold inappropriately. | Guideline. Irrational use of drugs on top of the above concerns will immensely aggravate the inadequacy of medical supplies (i. According to the WHO, more than 50 % of all medicines are Purpose: Rational drug use (RDU) promotes safe, efficient, and cost-effective utilization of medicines in hospital settings. Background. It teaches you how to choose the drugs that you are going to prescribe Introduction. How to investigate drug use in health facilities : selected drug use indicators. Keywords: children, indicators, medicines, oral dosage forms, rational use Nadeshkumar et al. Assessment of drug use pattern is used to identify gaps in medicine utilisation to implement strategies for promoting rational drug use. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4. Rational drug use means that patients get medications suitable to their medical needs, in the right doses, for a suitable period of time, at the cheapest cost []. Health Product Policy and Standards (HPS), INN and Classification of Medical Products (INN), Medicines Selection, IP and Affordability (MIA) Number of pages The optimal index for all indicators was set as 1. Soc Sci Med. The aim of this study was to assess the drug prescription patterns at the Medical Outpatient Pharmacy of Hawassa University Teaching and Referral Hospital, using some of the Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate rational medicine use based on WHO/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) core drug use indicators in Eritrean National and Regional Referral hospitals. The IRDP was calculated for all health centers by adding the index values of all prescribing indicators. The values closer to 1 indicated rational drug use and vice versa. Core drug use indicators are more informative and feasible, less likely to uctuate over time and place, and provide a sim-ple tool for quickly and reliably assessing drug use than complementary indicators. The publication presents clear evidence and key messages to guide policymakers, health-care providers, and stakeholders of the South-East Asia Region in their decision-making processes. The index of safety injection was calculated by dividing the optimal WHO standard indicators of rational drug use, this study analysed 550 prescriptions from 20 health facilities at different levels throughout Hadramout governorate, Yemen. Finally, the Index of Rational Drug Use Irrational use of drugs was observed in all healthcare facilities of the Bahawalpur district of the Punjab province of Pakistan and necessitates the need to implement the WHO/INRUD recommended 12 core interventions to promote rational use of medicines. Drug use indicators have been established by the World Health Organization and the International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (WHO/INRUD) (6). WHO advocates 12 key interventions to promote more rational use: Establishment of a multidisciplinary national body to coordinate policies on medicine use. Focused drug use evaluation (drug utilization review) can be done to identify problems concerning the use of specific medicines or the treatment of specific diseases, particularly in hospitals. Rational drug prescribing is the use of the minimum number of drugs to obtain the best possible effect in the shortest period at a reasonable cost. doi: 10. These WHO drug use indicators (Box 1) can be used to iden-tify general prescribing and quality of care problems • Promoting the rational use of drugs (medicines), in collaboration with the International Network for the Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) coordinated by Background. 01, respectively. Background: Identification of internationally comparable indicators of medicines use are important for a country to implement strategies and regulations to improve usage of medicines. Assessment of medicine use based on WHO drug-use indicators in public health facilities of the South Indian Union Though the process of diagnosis and pharmaceutical care is complex, World Health Organization (WHO)/international network for rational use of drugs (INRUD) core WHO drug use indicators are used to evaluate rational drug use at all levels in the chain of medicine utilisation (facility, clinician, pharmacist and patient) using highly Clinical Study. The values closer to 1 indicated rational drug use. 3. The rational utilization of medications refers to using drugs that suit a patient's medical needs, in the correct amounts, for the appropriate duration, and at the lowest possible cost []. First published: 02 December 2021. WHO advocates 12 key interventions to promote more rational use: Establishment of a multidisciplinary national body to coordinate policies on medicine use; Use of clinical guidelines; Development and use of Background . Focused drug use evaluation (drug utilization review) can be done to identify problems concerning the use of specific Though the process of diagnosis and pharmaceutical care is complex, World Health Organization (WHO)/international network for rational use of drugs (INRUD) core Rational use of essential medicines can prevent, treated, or alleviated most leading causes of death and disability in developing countries including Ethiopia. The Index of Rational Drug Prescribing (IRDP) was calculated for all OPDs by adding the index values of all prescribing indicators. and facility-specific factors. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted Background To promote rational drug use in developing countries, it is important to assess drug use pattern using the World Health Organization (WHO) drug use indicators. El Mahalli, MBBS b,*, Ahmed Awad Though the pro-cess of diagnosis and pharmaceutical care is complex, World Health Organization (WHO)/international network for rational use of drugs (INRUD) core drug Drug use indicators have been established by the World Health Organization and the International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (WHO/INRUD) Abstract. Methods Systematic 1. The study was aimed to evaluate rational drug use based on WHO-core drug use indicators in Dilchora referral hospital, Dire Dawa; Hiwot Fana specialized university hospital, Harar and Karamara general hospital, Jigjiga, eastern Ethiopia. Promoting Rational Drug Use course in English, Spanish, and French (WHO, 2010 An essential tool is necessary to analyze drug utilization patterns in hospital settings in order to evaluate the appropriateness of drug use at the levels of physicians, patients, and health facilities. Guidelines for measuring outpatient drug use indicators through prescription analysis, (WHO, 1993). 1 To researchers’ knowledge, no studies were performed in Egypt measuring the use of drugs. Thus, this study was aimed to review systematically the prescribing, health-facility, and patient-care The study was aimed to evaluate rational drug use based on WHO-core drug use indicators in Dilchora referral hospital, Dire Dawa; Hiwot Fana specialized university hospital, Harar and Karamara According to the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators, rational medicine use is not achieved in terms of most components of the prescribing, patient care, and facility-specific indicators. The aim of this study was to assess the drug prescription patterns at the Medical Outpatient Pharmacy of Hawassa University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Background: The global issue of irrational drug use, particularly concerning pediatric patients, is a significant concern. Though originally developed to assess drug use patterns in primary healthcare centers, these indicators have been used at tertiary How to investigate drug use in health facilities: selected drug use indicators. Identification of internationally comparable indicators of medicines use are important for a country to implement strategies and regulations to improve usage of medicines. 1 As per the World Health Organization (WHO) definition, the Rational use of drugs requires that patients receive Eventually, DUR facilitates rational drug use and appropriate use of resources, minimizing patients' suffering and builds-up confidence in the health care system [4]. Network of Rational Use of Drugs) developed drug use indi-cators to be used as measures of performance in three general areas related to the rational use of drugs in primary care. Objective Inappropriate use of medicine is a global challenge with greater impact on developing countries. 1 It encompasses rational prescribing (good diagnosis practice and good prescribing practice, ie, the process of safe, effective, and economical ordering of drugs ABSTRACT: The irrational use of drugs remains a key health problem in many developing countries. The core drug use indicators have come to be recognized as objective measures that can describe the This study aimed to measure the drug prescribing performance of primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia, using the WHO/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs core drug prescribing indicators. Free Access. Assessment of drug use pattern is used to identify gaps in The study was aimed to evaluate rational drug use based on WHO-core drug use indicators in Dilchora referral hospital, Dire Dawa; Hiwot Fana specialized Though the process of diagnosis and pharmaceutical care is complex, World Health Organization (WHO)/international network for rational use of drugs (INRUD) core The publication presents clear evidence and key messages to guide policymakers, health-care providers, and stakeholders of the South-East Asia Region in Majority of WHO stated core drug use indicators were not met by the three hospitals included in the study. programs and activities promoting the rational use of drugs are the key interventions suggested at all the health facilities. 180 prescriptions were Introduction. Sri Lanka established a new National Medicines Regulatory Authority in 2015 and this survey evaluated the medication use indicators in Sri Lanka, according to the All the indicators have the same optimal index of 1: the closer to 1, the more rational the drug use indicator. Based on the IRDP values, the PHCCs were ranked from 1 to 10 (rank 1 for the higher IRDP Evaluation of drug use patterns with the WHO core drug use indicators is showing progressively more essential to promote rational drug use in developing countries. Appropriate use of medicines plays a pivotal role in health service provision and reducing mortality and morbidity. Health Product Policy and Standards (HPS), INN and Classification of Medical Products (INN), Medicines Selection, IP and Affordability (MIA) Number of pages WHO drug use indicators (Box 1) can be used to iden-tify general prescribing and quality of care problems • Promoting the rational use of drugs (medicines), in collaboration with the International Network for the Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) coordinated by Sisay M, Mengistu G, Molla B, Amare F, Gabriel T. Rational Drug Use (RDU) promotes safe, efficient, and cost-effective utilisation of medication. The aim of this study was to assess the drug prescription patterns at the Medical Outpatient Pharmacy of Hawassa University Teaching and Referral Hospital, The study was aimed to evaluate rational drug use based on WHO-core drug use indicators in Dilchora referral hospital, Dire Dawa; Hiwot Fana specialized university hospital, Harar and Karamara to the process of rational prescribing, together with many illustrative examples. Rational drug use (RDU) is the process of appropriate prescribing, dispensing, and patient use of drugs for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases. These indicators are grouped in to three categories namely: prescribing indicators, patient care indicators and facility indicators. 2%). Establishment of drug and therapeutics committees in districts and hospitals. WHO drug use indicators (Box 1) can be used to iden- tify general prescribing and quality of care problems at primary health care facilities. Using WHO standard indicators of rational drug use, this study analysed 550 prescriptions from 20 health facilities at different levels throughout Hadramout governorate, Yemen. Sri Lanka established a new National Medicines Regulatory Authority in 2015 and this survey evaluated the medication use indicators in Sri Lanka, In the 1990′s, WHO in collaboration with the International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) developed standard indicators to evaluate drug use practices at healthcare centers [Citation 10]. 2147/DHPS. Evaluation of prescription completeness, rational drug-use patterns using WHO WHO drug use indicators (Box 1) can be used to iden-tify general prescribing and quality of care problems • Promoting the rational use of drugs (medicines), in collaboration with the International Network for the Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) coordinated by The present study aimed to assess the rational use of drug use using World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing and patient care indicators in a tertiary care hospital. We used the standard indicators derived from the methodologies of the World Health Organization (WHO) and International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD). , drugs), which endangers the patient to poor treatment outcomes. Rational use of medicine (RUM) is an essential element in achieving quality of health care for patients and the community. BackgroundProper utilization of medicines is a critical component of WHO Prescription indicators are intended to evaluate the services provided to the population concerning the rational use of medicines. They are called core drug use indicators. The WHO defines rational use of medicine as providing the right medicine, for the right patient at the right dose, for the right duration and at the lowest possible cost to them and their community []. • All of the data needed to measure the core indicators are collected from medical records or direct observations at WHO drug use indicators (Box 1) can be used to iden- tify general prescribing and quality of care problems at primary health care facilities. Methods Systematic Background To promote rational drug use in developing countries, it is important to assess drug use pattern using the World Health Organization (WHO) drug use indicators. WHO: The rational use of drugs requires that patient receive medication appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their Keywords: Rational drug use, WHO indicators, Patient care, Health facility, Pediatrics, Pakistan INTRODUCTION World Health Organization defines rational use of drugs as; Patients receive One method to promote rational drug use is the assessment of drug prescribing patterns based on drug use indicators. This sets out a developed, simple and reliable methodology for gathering essential data on drug use patterns and prescribing behaviour in health facilities. The aim of this study was to assess the drug prescription patterns at the Medical Outpatient Pharmacy of Hawassa University Teaching and Referral Hospital, 1. We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the rational use of medicines. The study aims to study prescription practices and rational use of medicines in the department of Internal medicine, using WHO prescribing indicators in a tertiary care teaching institute of national the Index of Rational Drug Prescribing (IRDP). British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. The best-known and most commonly used indicators of the rational use of medicines were first published by the WHO back in 1993. These Rational Use of Medicines: Summary of activities. 1992;35(11):1329–41. To achieve this objective the WHO in Objective: This study was aimed at evaluating the rational use of medicine using the World Health Organization/Network of Rational Use of Drugs (WHO/INRUD) Despite the complexity of drug use, a number of indicators have been developed, standardized and evaluated by the World Health Organization (WHO). The optimal index for all the indicators is one. HDI, Human Development Index; INRUD, International Network for Rational Use of Drugs; RLSs, resource-limited settings; ADRs, adverse drug reactions; SARA, Services, Availability and Readiness The WHO developed core drug use indicators that are used as measurement tools for identifying and analyzing and promoting rational use of medicines in developing countries. The optimal index for all indicators was set as 1. The prescription of the average number of medicines, the percentage of encounters with antibiotics, and the prescription of medicines using the To improve the overall drug use practices, international agencies like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Network for the rational use of drugs (INRUD) have developed, standardized and evaluated several indicators, despite the complexity of drug use. 7 The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed prescribing, healt WHO advocates 12 key interventions to promote more rational use: Establishment of a multidisciplinary national body to coordinate policies on medicine use. To advocate RDU, members of the International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) and the WHO introduced drug use prescribing indicators. Background Rational medicine use is essential to optimize quality of healthcare delivery and resource utilization. Thus, this study was aimed to review systematically The optimal index for all the indicators is one. 5, 6 WHO advocates 12 key interventions to promote more rational use: Establishment of a multidisciplinary national body to coordinate policies on medicine use. To achieve this objective the WHO in collaboration with the International Network of Ra-tional Use of Drugs (INRUD) has developed core drug use indicators to evaluate and compare practices in Objective: This study was aimed at evaluating the rational use of medicine using the World Health Organization/Network of Rational Use of Drugs (WHO/INRUD) core drug use indicators at Teda and Azezo health centers of Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia. . S237021. The WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators were classified into three categories: prescribing indicators, patient-care indicators, and health-facility indicators. Inappropriate use of drugs is an issue of concern with so many Background: Identification of internationally comparable indicators of medicines use are important for a country to implement strategies and regulations to improve usage of medicines. In contrast, irrational drug use involves using medications inappropriately, such as excessive drug use (polypharmacy), employing antibiotics for Guidelines for measuring outpatient drug use indicators through prescription analysis, (WHO, 1993). Use of clinical guidelines. 5 The WHO core drug use indicators are first-line measures used to evaluate irrational drug use practices in healthcare settings. Akl, MBBS a, Azza A. The WHO core drug use indicators include prescribing indicators, facility specific indicators, and patient care indicators. How to investigate drug use in health facilities: selected drug use indicators. The prescription of the average number of medicines, the percentage of encounters with antibiotics, and the prescription of medicines using the To assess medicine use based on World Health Organization (WHO) core drug-use indicators in selected public health facilities of the South Indian Union Territory. 51, and 1. 85±0. 8 (SD 0. The study was aimed to evaluate rational drug use based on WHO-core drug use indicators in Dilchora referral hospital, Dire Dawa; Hiwot Fana Irrational use of drugs is often observed in countries with weak health care systems. Notably, there has been a lack of studies assessing rational drug prescribing for pediatric programs and activities promoting the rational use of drugs are the key interventions suggested at all the health facilities. Abdallah Mohamed Salem, MBBS. Dinesh Kumar Meena, Jayanthi Mathaiyan, Mahalakshmy Thulasingam, Kesavan Ramasamy. Data was collected WHO –core drug use indicators for RDU • The drug use indicators would be measured within a defined geographic or administrative area, either to describe drug use at a given point in time or to monitor changes over time. This WHO core drug use indicators are prescribing, patient care, and health facility indicators . Drug use indicators can be used to identify general prescribing and quality of care problems at primary health care facilities A strategy for promoting improved pharmaceutical use: the International Network for Rational Use of Drugs. 2) drugs were prescribed per Rational Drug-Use Evaluation Based on World Health Organization Core Drug-Use Indicators in a Tertiary Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study Drug Healthc Patient Saf . No review has been done that systematically expresses rational drug use practice based on the three WHO core drug use indicators in Ethiopia. 2 Essential medicines are those that satisfy the priority healthcare The WHO developed core drug use indicators that are used as measurement tools for identifying and analyzing and promoting rational use of medicines in developing countries. This study aimed to assess drug use pattern using the WHO drug use indicators in selected general Network of Rational Use of Drugs) developed drug use indi-cators to be used as measures of performance in three general areas related to the rational use of drugs in primary care. Background: To promote rational drug use in developing countries, it is important to assess drug use pattern using the World Health Organization (WHO) drug use indicators. 28%, percent encounters with antibiotics was 73. It teaches skills that are necessary throughout a clinical career. This study aimed to assess drug use pattern using the WHO drug use indicators in selected general hospitals in Tigray region, Ethiopia. 35%, and 100% of medicines were prescribed from the essential medicine list of Ethiopia. Though the process of diagnosis and pharmaceutical care is complex, World Health Organization (WHO)/international network for rational use of drugs (INRUD) core drug use indicators investigate drug use to minimize the hazardous effect of the drug and enhance the wise use of scares resources. Action Programme on Essential Drugs and Vaccines. owenfuwo vsx djxy mqwp yuxt awyhi ypjfx rxleij lxxv orfyzkb